The present study is aimed at modelling hillslope flows with emphasis on subsurface stormflows that involve macropores. The
physical processes connected with the runoff process on a hillslope are identified. The components which are considered in
modelling the hillslope flow are the nature of flows in the macropore and micropore domains, the spatial and temporal characteristics
of the macropore network, the interaction between the domains, and the initiation of flow in the macropores. Both Horton and
Dunne's variable source area generation mechanisms are explicitly incorporated in the model. The dominant physical processes
governing hillslope runoff are conceptualized in terms of parameters which are derived from the physical properties of the
soil, the nature of macropores, and hillslope geometry. The conceptualization of the model is then used to examine infiltration
and runoff production. This helps to compute the development of the groundwater table, runoff hydrograph, and soil moisture
profile.
Received: 5 October 1996 · Accepted: 25 June 1997 相似文献
Rainfall, soil properties, and morphology are major factors controlling shallow landsliding. A series of meteorological events
that triggered soil slips in northern Italy were studied to define rainfall thresholds and to evaluate a possible regionalization.
Soil properties, triggering rainfall, and local lithological and morphometrical settings of different sites were used as input
to an infiltration model. The approach allows the recognition of several triggering conditions in the Piedmont, Pre-Alpine
and Alpine regions. This suggests the need for different rainfall thresholds with respect to those derived with other methods.
Intensity versus rainfall duration relationships become particularly important when related to soil permeability and thickness,
and demonstrate the role of antecedent precipitation. Events with exceptional water discharge from obstructed road culverts
reveal the role played by anthropic structures in triggering such phenomena. Different approaches to slope stability analysis
are shown, taking into account bedrock lithology, topography, seepage, and local saturation conditions.
Received: 23 October 1997 · Accepted: 25 June 1997 相似文献
Stability conditions in an area located NW of Barcelona (Spain) are discussed. Here, several mass movements were observed, mainly affecting weathered Paleozoic slates. Many of these failures involved slopes cut along recent infrastructures: debris flows, wedge and plane failures, generally surficial, occurred more frequently. After a detailed geological and geomorphologic survey, geomechanic characterization was carried out, according to RMR and SMR classifications. This rating gave a prediction of slope behaviour, in fairly good agreement with the real observed one.
Stability numerical analysis was carried out for the main cut slopes, based upon the Limit Equilibrium Method. First of all, the deterministic factor of safety was computed using the mean values of parameters. After that, a simulation technique based upon the Monte Carlo Method was applied in order to obtain factor of safety distributions. The probability of failure was estimated as P(F<1).
Finally, results from deterministic and probabilistic approaches were compared. The effectiveness of different possible remedial measures was highlighted by means of a sensitivity analysis, which showed that the more important parameters in the study area are the geometrical ones (height, slope and failure plane angles). The final technical solutions adopted are briefly outlined. 相似文献
SummarySome Foundation Stability Problems of the Railway Bridge over the Mala Rijeka The authors presented an outlay of problems occurring in estimating the stability of rocky slopes loaded by large vertical forces. General attitudes, kept by the authors during the stability analysis for an actual case — foundation of piers No. 3 and 4 of the railway bridge across the Mala Rijeka, are also presented. The results of calculation as well as the advantages of the approach applied are outlined in the paper. Finally, general conclusions are drawn regarding the method to be kept in solving the stability of slopes loaded by large artificial loading.With 7 Figures 相似文献